Urban transformation represents one of the most complex challenges facing contemporary governance, requiring sophisticated frameworks that account for the multidimensional and interconnected nature of city systems while respecting Earth’s biophysical limits.
The Strategic Importance of Experience Design and Enterprise Architecture for Smart Cities in Saudi Arabia
Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030 places cities at the centre of economic diversification, innovation, and improved quality of life. As urban centres like Madinah transform into smart cities, two disciplines have emerged as critical success enablers: Experience Design (XD) and Enterprise Architecture (EA)